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If Greece came out of the euro area, the country would enter into an inextricable chaos. It would not be alone in suffering: the countries of the euro area would lose the billions they have loaned him since 2010 for the shoot of the rut. Indeed, Athens would reimburse probably not what it owes them. In this hypothesis, the two largest economies in the region, Germany and France would lose the most.

If Greece were to fail in mid-June, the French government should write off 50 billion "net," said the outgoing Minister of Economy Baroin. According to calculations of Figaro.fr, this amount could rise to 58.5 billion euros. This is 895 euros per French, or almost 3% of what the country produces in a year. Germany would lose directly, as calculated by the magazine Wirtschaft Woche, 76.6 billion euros and all the European institutions, nearly 302 billion euros, according to figures released by the rating agency Fitch.

Concerning France, the amount includes bilateral loans in the forefront of European aid (11.4 billion between 2010 and 2011). What must be added the participation of France in the second program, launched in early 2012, 15 billion euros granted through the firewall European, that is to say, the European Financial Stability Fund (EFSF). The whole is 26.4 billion euros of direct exposure of France to Greece.

In addition to these funds, France should meet, at least in part, the losses suffered by the European Central Bank (ECB) under its importance within the euro area. At the height of the crisis, the guardian of the single currency has indeed bought in the markets for 40 billion euros of Greek debt, according to Fitch payday advance lender. If Athens were to fail, the ECB should say goodbye to that amount. France would then bail out of 8.9 billion euros. The same mechanism, it may have to recapitalize the International Monetary Fund (1.6 billion euros).

The bill gets heavier over time

More indirectly, France may have to refinance the network of central banks in the euro area, again according to its economic importance, either to the tune of 22.2 billion euros (calculated by Fitch). Indeed, the Greek central bank has accumulated 106 billion of financial compensation to its European counterparts, according to the rating agency.

The slate of the Greek state vis-à-vis France stretches over months, while assistance payments keep coming. Suddenly, one observer, "more a Greek bankruptcy would occur later, the more it would be costly to its partners." The EFSF must still pay 75.9 billion euros by 2014, the International Monetary 28.2 billion euros, according to calculations by analysts of the bank Credit Suisse. If Greece is in the euro area, it will begin to repay the loans from France and other partners from 2020 … and over a period of between 20 and 30.

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The thorny issue of Greece is further complicated with the rise of extremism in the parliamentary elections. And subsequently also in reaction to the election of Francois Hollande, Asian stock markets retreat this morning instead of Tokyo lost more than 2.6% in mid-session after being closed since Wednesday, the Hong Kong 2 , 4% at the same time the Shanghai index posted a loss of more moderate 0.3%. The doubts surrounding a possible policy change in Europe also weighed on the euro. The single currency dropped below the $ 1.30 early this morning, exactly at 1.298 dollars and 103.63 yen against 104.46 rating yen Friday night.

Japan will "closely monitor" the debates in Europe following the recent elections, said this morning the spokesman of the Japanese government, Osamu Fujimura. "The developments of the European economy significantly affect our economy," he said at a news conference. Greek and folder should be quickly put on the European agenda and the new president of the French Republic, Francois Hollande.

The thrust of extremist parties in Greece could indeed prevent the two major parties to maintain their position in the Greek Parliament. The new political situation poses a risk to the continuation of the austerity measures, a factor that could jeopardize the plan of assistance granted to the country. In fact, the parties opposed to an increase in austerity-with-a neo-Nazi training have won 150 seats in parliament, or exactly half. The remaining 150 seats, less than the absolute majority of 151 seats, the two parties come together in a governing coalition, PASOK (Socialist) and New Democracy (right).  

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Observers who doubt the competition in the French energy market may return to their position. This is a Spanish group that emerges winner of the European tender for the Syndicate of the gas and electricity in the Ile-de-France (Sigeif) for the supply of natural gas and energy efficiency services to benefit 267 communities and public institutions in the region. Gas Natural, the first Iberian gas, gets the two most important lots, or 73% of the volume allocated to the tune of 1,100 gigawatt hours (GWh). The amount of the contract, which runs over two years (from 1 July 2012), reached 50 million euros.

EDF and Poweo hunted

Behind Gas Natural, GDF Suez won a lot – the power of public offices of housing and hospitals, 320 GWh in all – a market of 13 million euros. Finally, the alternative supplier Altergaz, a subsidiary of Italian oil Eni, retrieves the provision of the reception center and hospital care of Nanterre – a single site for a volume of 40 GWh. The three operators selected by the Sigeif renew completely the range of partners. For the previous command (over 2010-2012), were respectively selected suppliers EDF, Tegaz, a subsidiary of Total, and Poweo. Therefore a triplet hunting another.

"The competition was tight. As for larger volumes, all operators are interested, soberly summarizes Jean-Jacques Guillet, President of Sigeif and also deputy mayor of Chaville (Hauts de Seine). Both sides win. While suppliers have visibility, our members enjoy good purchasing conditions. "

In view of the regulated gas prices, the prices obtained show, according to the batches, gains from 18.9 to 24.7%, a reduction of the annual bill of 19 million euros for members of the group of commands . This bill would be $ 84 million with regulated prices. In detail, the Regional Council of Ile de France, through the power of high schools, carried 4.4 million euros in savings. And nearly 8.8 million for the 122 municipalities grouped by the Ile Sigeif. "Certainly, in the previous tender, we got a discount of about 40%, but back then we were in the gas bubble. It is no longer the case today, "says Jean-Jacques Guillet.

The tender of Sigeif is the largest in France in the energy, to the extent of a Parisian crown representing some 5.3 million people. This procedure in the field of gas on the rise: already, new communes want to be associated with orders for the period 2014-2016. "The expansion of liquefied natural gas (LNG), with its ease of delivery, gives flexibility to the gas market. We wish more than ever to enjoy, "concluded Jean-Jacques Guillet.

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After seven weeks of political crisis, the good student of the euro area has fallen into line. The Dutch Minister of Finance, Jan Kees de Jager, snatched on Thursday night, a tentative agreement with the liberal VVD, D66 Democrats, the Greens of GroenLinks and ChristenUnie promising to return to 3% deficit in 2013.

The Dutch stability program will be sent this Friday in Brussels before the deadline of April 30. For achieving compliance with the Stability Pact, the Netherlands had to find 14.4 billion euros in savings. This agreement has been hailed by assitôt markets: the borrowing rate to 10 years in the Netherlands fell back to the lowest of the year.

Retirement at age 67 in 2024

The austerity plan, rejected by the extreme right – provides for cuts in many areas. Government salaries will be reduced. The health system will be reformed in order to save 1.6 billion euros. The subsidy on home loans, very sensitive issue for decades, will be revised downwards, which will allow the state to recover 5 free instant credit score.4 billion euros.

Revenues are revised upwards: the richest taxpayers must pay a "tax crisis". The retirement age will increase by one month, starting next year, to reach 66 years in 2019 and 67 in 2024. VAT from 19% to 21% and the tax paid by banks will be doubled.

The political agreement was obtained following a procedure described as "unprecedented" by former Prime Minister Mark Rutte. His finance minister has succeeded in five days what the government (VVD, CDA) had failed to do in seven weeks. Geert Wilders, leader of the Party for Freedom (PVV), which supported the government broke off negotiations last Saturday.  

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Undisputed king of big hypermarkets, Auchan is still not satisfied with its supermarkets in France. The revival began in 2009 has not had the desired results. That year, Atac supermarkets had moulted within a few months in Simply Market, a concept "midway between discount stores and supermarkets," considered at the time as one of the most innovative.

Like the hard discounters Aldi and Lidl, the sign promised to offer low prices permanently, without promotion, building on the savings from reducing the number of references. The investment of 100 million was the largest ever made by the supermarket industry. But in the first month the Simply Market are struggling to approach two goals: increase revenue by 5% to 10% and volume growth of 10% to 15%.  

"We started to rework the concept in April 2010, adding between 400 and 500 references, including national brands and premium stores in 21 tests. The results were improved immediately, Hamet recognizes Gilbert, chief operating officer of the Ile-de-France Sud, which inaugurated Tuesday in Saclay, near Paris, a concept more upscale, radically different from the original. We had to go even further. The Market Simply type, like Saclay, has 14,000 references, 4,000 or more than three years ago. "

This description applies only to the Simply Market in category "food supermarket of attraction." As Auchan is also reneged on its uniform concept, which was not sticking to park Atac, very heterogeneous. Supermarkets, which vary from 500 to 3,000 m2, now have no fewer than five different vocations, the store "ultraproximité" located at the foot of the buildings in the downtown "store of great attraction" in rural areas, compared to small hypermarkets.

60 stores will be revamped this year

"All the Simply Market are committed to being the cheapest way to store their catchment area, Gilbert said Hamet. Our price image has suffered from the gradual introduction of national brands. We lower our prices again and communicate about it in May. We insist particularly on the products in less than a dollar, supplemented by our own list of 52 products permanently low prices, including for example the croissants and steaks. "

Simply Market also relies on promotions, which were reintroduced: an article in ten is now sold at a discount. It is still two times less than the average recorded in supermarkets, but it's the level of promotion in Monoprix.

By the end of the year, sixty Simply Market will be revamped in France. They are especially enlarged to accommodate more products. Auchan seeks a return on investment in 5 years instead of 7. Gives an important family group, which has invested heavily in 2009 and wants to finally find the right formula for its supermarkets. Despite these tentative beginnings, the group is still growing 12% a year for this industry, which must have 3,000 stores worldwide, including 1,000 built in 2015.

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At least two lean years ahead of world trade. After the 5% increase in volume recorded in 2011, already far removed from 13.8% in 2010, the growth of international trade in goods and services will fall 3.7% this year, predicts the World Trade Organization (WTO).

This slowdown shows that "downside risks remain high and that we are not out of the woods," warns its director general, Pascal Lamy. It reflects not only the crisis in the eurozone, where the risks of recession are not excluded, but the consequences of the tsunami in Japan and floods in Thailand, which disrupted production chains across Asia.

Even in China growth stalled. The World Bank has revised its forecast for Thursday GDP growth (GDP) of 8.4% to 8.2% this year. And if HSBC says the country will "rank among the top ten global markets by 2050," the bank regrets that "consumption is slow" and that "external demand remains weak."

However, it is developing countries that should benefit most from world trade in 2012, with exports and imports respectively up 5.6% and 6.2%, against 2% and 1.9% for developed countries . But the WTO, who hopes a recovery in the economy of the United States and Japan, fears and weaknesses of Europe too much of a rise in commodity prices.

"Trade restrictions"

The Geneva-based organization is little more optimistic for 2013. Although it contains the growth of international trade will rise to 5 installment payday loans.6%, with growth of 7.2% of exports of developing countries and 4.1% in developed countries. At the same time imports are projected to increase by 7.8% and 3.9% respectively. But this is little more than the 5.4% average annual increase recorded over the last twenty years. No room for complacency.

And it is certainly not sufficient to preclude the temptations of nationalism from a number of countries and the risks of a return to a more or less creeping protectionism. Pascal Lamy sees no protests yet openly declared. But he fears that "trade restrictions" appear and are "undermining the benefits of openness" in international trade. It is imperative "to revitalize the trading system to prevent such a scenario happens," pleads the Director General of the World Trade Organization.

Yet it was precisely the mission that had set the negotiations on the Doha round to liberalize world trade up. Unfortunately, begun in 2001, they are still deadlocked. And increasingly threatened by the proliferation of free trade agreements signed over the world without the WTO.

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Small revolution in the OJD, which is one step closer to seeing his measures of attendance on the Internet more recognized by the market. In its ranking of websites in March, the body that certifies the mailing of printed and digital press titles in France is hosting for the first time the orange.fr portal, one of the earliest in the hexagon with Google, Yahoo! and MSN.

Gateway to the telecom operator arrives directly at the head of the most popular sites last month, with over 450 million visits. The OJD measure all connections to the site (the "site-centric"), that is to say the number of visits and page views, without deduplicate visits on the same site by the same user. "We do not say in front of a screen but we certify the figures reported by the sites, which are the comprehensive measure of attendance," explained Stephane Bodier Bartement and Patrick, President and CEO of OJD. With the exception of Marianne, VOD or Humanity, all brand sites releases are already certified by the OJD.

Qualify hearings

The organization hopes that this will arrive in others, notably those of Yahoo! and MSN, which should seek, also, to certify their attendance. Google, which has developed its own measurement tool, Google Analytics, for its part could choose to stay out of the movement.

But there on the market another way of measuring the digital world personal business card. This is the tool with its Médiamétrie NetRatings ("user-centric") which, by observing a panel of 25,000 Internet users, to qualify (age, occupational status, etc..). The challenge now is to combine the best of both measures. Médiamétrie and OJD announced in early March signed an agreement for the supply by the second to the first of its basic results "site-centric." This merger of the two measures should allow the hearings to describe and measure, for example, the loyalty of Internet sites. It will materialize in June, with the publication of results by Médiamétrie Internet audience in April, via a hybrid measure that integrates both data and those of OJD, but also on the results of websites measured by Médiamétrie-eStat and certified by the OJD. "This agreement will help provide a market-based results more accurate and consistent," said Médiamétrie.

In the longer term, it will find tools to accompany the rise of advertising offers Web-coupled television. Médiamétrie talks with Google for the establishment of a study that would bring together data from television audience of those with Médiamat Internet.

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There are increases that hurt the wallet, and others are welcome. The April 1 announcement of more good news than bad.

• Pensions

Pensions of the general (civil servants and private employees) rose 2.1% from the 1st April. A decision expected. A few days ago the joint supplementary pension schemes AGIRC (executives) and Arrco (all employees) have also taken account of inflation higher than expected in 2011 and have upgraded the pensions of 2.3%.

In a joint statement the Ministers of Economy, Baroin, and Labour Xavier Bertrand pointed out that the pension increases took into account inflation in 2012 (1.8%, revised upwards) and inflation recorded in late 2011 (2.1%) a differential of 0.3%.

• Minimum age

The minimum age knows him, a stronger increase of 4.7% and is increased to 777.16 euros per month for a single person and 1,237 euros for a couple. The minimum pension which is paid to 400,000 pensioners the most modest, however, does not yet live above the poverty line which is 954 euros per month for a single person. The proportion of the population living below the poverty line is 13.5%. During the five year period the allowance will be increased by 25% as promised by Nicolas Sarkozy.

• Disabled adult allowance

The disabled adult allowance (AAH) passes almost 760 euros on April 1st, up 2.2%. Accordance with the promise of Nicolas Sarkozy to the upgrade of 25% for the duration of his five years, the AAH "and go to 759.98 euro 743.62 euro per month against current" and "a second revaluation of 2.19% , take place on 1 September, "said recently the Ministry of Solidarity. It would then amount to 776.59 euros per month, or 155.32 euros more than in 2007. The AAH was seen by 915,000 people in late 2010.

• Family benefits

Family benefits increased by 1% (including family allowances, grants for child care, the allowance for school …). Previously, family benefits were revalued on 1 January. But last year, the government had rejected the revaluation at 1 April, making 130 million euros in savings.

In addition, as part of austerity measures, it was decided that family benefits are not adjusted according to inflation but growth. The expected savings are 400 million euros for 2012 and 500 million for 2013. Prime Minister Francois Fillon said that this would be limited to one year.

• VAT on books

After construction and restaurants, it's time to see their books go this Sunday VAT by 5.5% to 7%. Increases announced in fall 2011 and denounced by the booksellers, whose business is already one of the least profitable. At the Book Fair, the PS candidate Francois Hollande said it intends to reduce its rates "from 7 to 5.5%" if elected, to "defend the digital book at one price" and "protect the rights Copyright and the network of booksellers. "

Booksellers manifest on April 28, between the two rounds of presidential elections, on the feast of the independent bookstore.

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Last February, 54,000 jobs were submitted under the Apec, an increase of 30% compared to February 2011 and 53% in total over twelve months. In total, emphasizes APEC in its monthly report released Wednesday, "which offers 587,747 are entrusted in one year."

It is the function of industrial production (work and site) that the fastest growth, both in one month (70% with 3791 offers) on a year (83% to 39 516 offers). "Demand is especially strong for managers of industrial production, since growth is 101% over the year," said Apec. This function represents 7% of all offers.

Other sector applicant, the technical services (10% of total offers) which grew by 59% over one month (5398 offers) and 81% in total over twelve months (54657 offers). Driving this growth is the pole Process and Methods (with 128% increase year over year and offers 11,000), followed by the Technical Services Branch (128% growth with 4264 offers).

Bid on two computer science or business-marketing

As for the IT functions and business-marketing, which together account for over half of all offers (54% overall), their growth remains strong: 41% increase over year for the computer (156 036 offers) and 47% for the sales-marketing (with 157,724 offers) quick payday loans. Over a month, however, its growth slows, however, both functions 3 to 4 points.

Another signal to be taken into account, the monthly index of diffusion of the Internet offers executives, not the mark a bit in February, with an increase of 30 points over last year to 299 points (32 points against the month above). The APEC underlines in this regard sluggish growth-management functions for finance directors and HR.

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Inequalities between men and women managers are not in the gender pay gap. In terms of mobility, too. The Association for the employment of executives (Apec) Thursday released a study showing that both sexes are in fact not at all accommodated in the same boat. If their rate of mobility, internal and external, are strictly comparable, however, there are big differences.

Women executives in, especially before thirty years, more precarious than men, they leave their companies more frequently following an end of CSD (14% of cases for the former against 4% for the latter). Result, levels of responsibility found following these mobilities are very different, with women less likely than men to keep the same level as before their departure (two-thirds of men against 57% for women). Their male colleagues have also promoted more often in cases of internal mobility (43% against 36%).

Another consequence is that wage increases are less frequent after a mobility in women than in men, especially when the transition took place without any period of unemployment. 62% of men see the amount of their payroll advance, against 54% of women. As for the perception of the future, women have less confidence (65%), their mobility was internal or external, and want to move less than men in their company. They also fear more than being unemployed (43% against 36%).

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