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The Junior Enterprises are unaware of the crisis. Despite a difficult economic environment, they display a very insolent health. Present in schools and universities, student associations such as dee managed companies had in 2011 a turnover of 8 million euros, up 14.5% compared to 2009, the year 2010 was marked by a high consolidation. Last year, no fewer than 2300 companies have sought the services of Junior Enterprises 160 French members of the National Confederation of Junior Enterprises (CNJE), which promotes the concept and the brand "Junior Company".  

Created more than forty years in order to bring the teaching of the business world, these associations Act 1901 and non-profit professional nature consist only of student volunteers perform consulting and service delivery for clients with very different profiles. "This can range from a business plan for a self-contractor, charged 1,000 euros for a qualitative study of several months for a large group, billed 30,000 euros," said Lamia Bennani Toulouse Flight's Junior Council, voted Best Junior company in France in 2011 by the CNJE.

The university is catching up

These associations have indeed lower social charges due to their special status, allowing them to offer rates up to four times lower than those offered by a traditional provider. "Besides the attractive rate of our services, it is also our expertise which is trusted," said Adrian Vasse, Chairman of the EDHEC Junior Etudes, which has seen its turnover double between 2009 and 2011 to 220,000 euros. A view shared by Matthias Brottier, the president of the CNJE, for whom "it is the concept itself is pleasing. Our members are dynamic and provide a fresh, innovative and pioneering customers. " Their microstructure and quality of association allow Junior Enterprises to be responsive, flexible and personalized service and differentiate themselves from large consulting firms.

Contrary to popular belief, the Junior Enterprises are not just about the areas of finance and engineering. They cover a wide field of activity that both of agronomy at the optical, pharmacy to graphics through the mail. Long reserved for schools, universities are fast catching up. Under the plan "Student Entrepreneurs" launched in September 2009 to publicize and develop contractor status in universities, Valérie Pécresse, Minister for Higher Education at the time, wanted to be created a "junior business "in each of the 83 French universities with the help of CNJE. Three years later, the number of junior students has almost quadrupled from 11 to 40!

Among them, the Sorbonne Junior Council, created in February 2010 into the fold of the School of Management at the Sorbonne (Paris I) and sponsored by the Education Minister Luc Chatel. During his first year, she made 10 missions including one for Air Liquide. "It's a relatively small but very honorable for a first year," said Francois-Xavier Renault, its president. The Group Tollens paints, which uses the Junior Company for a mission, declares himself "satisfied" with the quality of the mission carried out and skills emerged.

A concept taken abroad

An experience that allows students to practice the teachings they receive and identify the problems of the company while being paid. Not to mention the professional network that is built up over the missions. All assets which may be valued at the time to enter the workforce.

At a time when the political struggle to stop the rise of youth unemployment and with its experience, the CNJE intends to participate in the debate. Club Junior Enterprises, its think tank, has published a white paper last March bound for presidential candidates to improve the employability of graduates through ten proposals.

A business model that has proven to the point of export beyond our borders. Founded in 1992 on the initiative of CNJE, the JADE federates European Junior Enterprises. In 2012, there were thirty Junior Enterprises in Germany, 25 in the Netherlands, as in Italy, Switzerland 8 or 3 in Romania. And proof that we never stop learning, corporate universities also on the rise.

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A potential policy holder should always study their life insurance quotes carefully and all terms contained within them should be properly understood before any final decision is made.

Presidential in major cities Paris | Leeds | Lyons | Toulouse | Leeds | Sheffield | Liverpool | Bordeaux | Lille

 

After seven weeks of political crisis, the good student of the euro area has fallen into line. The Dutch Minister of Finance, Jan Kees de Jager, snatched on Thursday night, a tentative agreement with the liberal VVD, D66 Democrats, the Greens of GroenLinks and ChristenUnie promising to return to 3% deficit in 2013.

The Dutch stability program will be sent this Friday in Brussels before the deadline of April 30. For achieving compliance with the Stability Pact, the Netherlands had to find 14.4 billion euros in savings. This agreement has been hailed by assitôt markets: the borrowing rate to 10 years in the Netherlands fell back to the lowest of the year.

Retirement at age 67 in 2024

The austerity plan, rejected by the extreme right – provides for cuts in many areas. Government salaries will be reduced. The health system will be reformed in order to save 1.6 billion euros. The subsidy on home loans, very sensitive issue for decades, will be revised downwards, which will allow the state to recover 5 free instant credit score.4 billion euros.

Revenues are revised upwards: the richest taxpayers must pay a "tax crisis". The retirement age will increase by one month, starting next year, to reach 66 years in 2019 and 67 in 2024. VAT from 19% to 21% and the tax paid by banks will be doubled.

The political agreement was obtained following a procedure described as "unprecedented" by former Prime Minister Mark Rutte. His finance minister has succeeded in five days what the government (VVD, CDA) had failed to do in seven weeks. Geert Wilders, leader of the Party for Freedom (PVV), which supported the government broke off negotiations last Saturday.  

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In Europe, stock markets resumed their breath on Tuesday, but uncertainty still hangs over the debt markets, fueled by the political crisis in the Netherlands and the period between the two towers of the French presidential election.

Spain and Italy have borrowed at rates up sharply Tuesday. Madrid has raised no issue 1.933 billion euros in vouchers at 3 and 6 months thanks to a strong demand of investors, but she had to pay his show twice what it had paid on March 27 for a similar operation; 0.634% to 1.580% three months and six months against 0.381% and 0.836 respectively

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The Spanish Minister of Budget, Cristobal Montoro, speaking before MPs met to discuss the 2012 budget austerity, acknowledged that his country was "in a moment of extreme fragility", as the recession sets in peril promises deficit reduction. The country has promised to bring its public deficit of 8.51% of GDP at the end of last year to 5.3% this year and to 3% next year

The chief minister, Mariano Rajoy, said in Parliament that "the economic policy is a policy hard, expensive, that does not produce short-term effects, but this is what we need right now ".

Asian sovereign funds

For its part, Italy, who had taken advantage of favorable borrowing conditions since the beginning of the year, faces a rebound in interest rates business card design. The Italian Treasury has borrowed Tuesday nearly 3.5 billion euros on the market, as in Spain enjoying high demand, to 6.5 billion. But the rates of bonds maturing in 2014 surged to 3.355% against 2.352% at its previous similar operation in late March.

All is not lost, however, in the eurozone. Despite the political crisis and the threat of rating agencies on the Dutch AAA, the Netherlands has borrowed two billion euros in two years Tuesday, rates fell to 0.52% against 0.66% on secondary market on Monday. Many investors believe that the Netherlands has solid fundamentals frankly. "The yields are high but traders are satisfied," said Lyn Graham Taylor, bond strategist at Rabobank.

Another encouraging sign: the European Financial Stability Fund (EFSF) lifted successfully 3 billion to 7 years at 2.65%, or 160 basis points more than Germany. "This is a great achievement," commented Frédéric Gabizon, HSBC has submitted a tender. "Especially since 40% of the demand comes from sovereign wealth funds from Asia, which shows that outside of Europe investors are confident."

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"Ask the fiscal program of Sarkozy!

"Ask the fiscal program of Holland!

It speaks only of "it": family, friends, in shops, on leaving school … Less candidates in the presidential election evoke, he obsesses over the French. "It" is the higher taxes will fall on taxpayers in the coming months. For if not all are promised the same tax hell, few people are certain to escape. ISF for VAT through the income tax, local taxes or the CSG, all candidates for president – without exception! – Promise to raise taxes. More than seven in ten French expect, according to our survey Opinion Way – Fiducial.

Recognizing the need to redress the public accounts, the French are frankly skeptical about how go about policies. According to our survey, 83% believe it would be better to start by addressing the reduction of public expenditure. Las … Both favorites of 6 May, Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande, have detailed these days their tax proposals, which leave little doubt about their intentions.

Click on the thumbnail to enlarge the graphic.

Side of the president candidate, it is argued that the rebalancing of accounts goes to three quarters by controlling public spending. Higher taxes will do that for one quarter. Moreover, it adds in the entourage of the head of state, the bulk of tax increases has already been voted. In recent months, 32 billion in new revenues were indeed acts by Parliament and began to take effect. It is largely due to the increase in the tax burden that France was able to record a deficit lower than expected in 2011: 5.2% of GDP instead of 5.7% originally expected.

The reduced VAT rate increased from 5.5 to 7% in late December (except for staples). Social charges on savings have been identified, tax loopholes, planed, and an outstanding contribution is requested with the highest incomes. A total of 11 billion euros of additional levies on households' most-favored "have been decided," because the solidarity required "at this time of crisis, Nicolas Sarkozy justified in his Letter to the French. How to respond to the argument of "tax giveaways to the rich made" repeated by his opponents to long speeches.

Conspicuously absent from the count of the president candidate, rising by 1.6 percentage points of VAT, already passed, is expected to come into force on 1 October. "It is not a levy increase, as it will be fully offset by reductions in social charges on low wages," says one of his entourage. Not sure this is enough to convince the French, skeptical of this "social VAT" (52% opposed, according to our survey).

Nevertheless, it remains to be Nicolas Sarkozy another 8 billion euros to find to meet its goal of a return to 3% deficit next year. But the UMP candidate has promised if re-elected, "no tax increase will weigh on households', except the famous" tax on tax exiles, "which he expects 500 to 700,000,000 euros year.

tax reform is the No. 1 priority of Holland

With Francois Hollande, however, taxpayers will not have completed the tax increases. If elected, the Socialist candidate wants to make tax reform the "mother of all reforms" of his five years. He warned that the tax burden would contribute half the recovery of accounts of the country and announced a forty billion of new taxes, of which 16 billion would weigh on individuals, especially the "most affluent". The team of the socialist candidate is careful to note that these increases would be added to those of M. Sarkozy … because, apart from the increase in VAT on books (from 5.5% to 7% since April 1) and the "social VAT", the PS candidate does not come back on measures already enacted.

By the summer, according to its "road map" published on April 4, Parliament would be asked to vote shock measures announced during the campaign, such as capping of tax loopholes to 10,000 euros per year, great tranche of 75% for revenues of over EUR 1 million, but the end of the tax exemption of overtime.

Despite this clarification in the calendar, remains a big blur of headlights more ads. For example: measures of higher taxes on income, such as super-slice or ceiling niches, would come into effect this year or January 1, 2013? The tax on millionaires would it apply to income tax or the home, such as tax practitioners presentiment, by hand? What about the ISF – payable in June – that Francois Hollande plans to burden? Would it be postponed until September? Is there a tax shield to 85% of income as suggested by the candidate? His entourage of these questions is swept out of hand: "These are questions for a budget minister, not a candidate as president." Tuesday, Michel Sapin, in charge of the socialist project, said the super slice to 75% would last "as long" as the recovery of the finances of France require.

Beware of leaving headquarters

Meanwhile, it was panic. Tax consulting firms claim to be inundated with requests for expatriation. "There is a before and after 75%," says a Parisian tax. Unprecedented fact, artists stamped on the left as Jamel Debbouze have spread in the media against proposed tax of Holland. Francoise Hardy has even been suggested (Paris Match 5 April) that it would move to London if they win socialist. Not sure that her friend is still a rose … Especially as the Socialist candidate, in reply, accused the stars of "whining" about their taxes! But the Dutch team, in private, multiplies the reassuring statements. The super slice? This is to "send a signal to the bosses of the CAC 40 and their extravagant salaries," they say. Everything will be done to protect athletes and artists (how? Mystery, equal taxation is a constitutional principle sacrosanct).

And for everyone else? For the Socialist tax plan, if passed as is, would increase the rating of millions of taxpayers, far beyond a few hundred privileged, as shown by simulations that we have asked the Cabinet Delsol Lawyers. Certainly, large estates and high income are at the forefront. But they are not alone.

Take the alignment of taxation of capital income on those work. This provision "could have important implications for public shareholding," warns Mathieu Le Tacon, Delsol of Lawyers, which states that dividends are already taxed once at the corporate income tax (33.3%) in the company before being taxed at the shareholder. The taxation of overtime? It will affect many employees, and 235,000 teachers who have won, thanks to them, additional one billion euros last year.

 

More and more French people are struggling to pay their electricity bill and gas, warning the energy ombudsman's report 2011 released Tuesday. The independent administrative authority has seen its number of referrals by individuals increased by 14%. Admittedly, this increase is lower than in previous years. But the missing payments have soared by 80% and now represent 15% of all cases handled.

Refunds and consideration received from the Ombudsman have averaged 410 euros for consumers in trouble. If the French have trouble paying their energy bills, this is largely because of the crisis and the boom in energy prices, reports the Energy Ombudsman. The regulated gas prices jumped 25% in two years, those of electricity by 8%.  

Faced with the rise of this "fuel poverty", that is to say, the difficulty of paying their energy bills, the Energy Ombudsman has issued proposals. It notably calls for an extension of the winter break for unpaid breaks. So far, only consumers who have received assistance from the Solidarity Fund for housing can benefit from this protection. "Those who are not entitled to welfare benefits and are unable to pay their bill, the suspension of energy remains real, warns the Ombudsman. It's not right to deprive of light and heat during this period [winter], people of good faith who fail to pay their dues. "

Monopoly of social tariffs

Another proposal is to break the exclusivity of EDF, the incumbent supplier, in the distribution of the social tariff of electricity. "This is a problem for customers of alternative operators who can not access them, except to change supplier and return at EDF, the Ombudsman regrets. In a market open to competition, the monopoly has no purpose. "The Ombudsman welcomed however the automation of the development of social tariffs for the beneficiaries since January 1. So far, only 650,000 households benefited while 2 million are eligible. A million more people should have access through this improvement.

Finally, the Ombudsman would like to broaden the scope of its powers. In 2011, he was unable to grasp that 74% of the 17,973 claims received. For example, "with the continued development of photovoltaic systems in particular, the Ombudsman may also intervene in disputes relating to the connections and purchase contract," the report shows. Finally, the Ombudsman called to continue the education effort directed at consumers. Nearly five years after the liberalization of energy market, only 42% of French people know they can choose their supplier of electricity or gas.

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Apple will host a conference March 7 in San Francisco at 19 am, French time. Program, the announcement of the new iPad, whose invitation to deliver the first image appears.

As every year, rumors are rife about the specifications and new features in Apple's tablet, which should be examined with interest by its competitors.

Two years after the release of the first version, the iPad indeed still dominates the market with 50 million sales, all models, against 12 million Android tablets, and is a reference to the sector payday loans guaranteed no fax.

The new iPad should propose an improved screen, displaying four times as many pixels on the same surface, but could also integrate Siri and why not, be accompanied by an iPad Mini, smaller. This graphic provides an update on the major rumors, according to their reliability.

Eric Besson this Wednesday morning at the University Paris-Dauphine, his new plan, Digital France 2020 laying down broad objectives for the digital sector, which now accounts for 3.7% of employment in France and 5 2% of GDP.

Some fifty measures, the minister will announce that the government wants to free up additional spectrum for the development of mobile broadband. Good news for mobile operators, which, given the exponential growth of traffic, would need additional 450 megahertz. Good news in perspective as to the state, who can expect royalties.

Investors play the card of caution in Europe before the announcement always expected employment figures for the month of September in the United States. Halfway through, the Paris index symbolically gives 0.42% to 3 062.55 points. Elsewhere in Europe, London slipped 0.30% to 0.27% and Frankfurt.

Thursday, the European Central Bank (ECB) announced a series of measures to help European banks to refinance. Global stock markets have accelerated their gains, the CAC 40 ended up sharply from 3.41% to 3075.37 points and the Wall Street lining up a third session in the green. This morning in Asia, the trend is bullish.

Nicolas Sarkozy, in addition, announced this morning that he will discuss the issue of a possible recapitalization of banks with German Chancellor Angela Merkel at their next meeting on Sunday in Berlin.A barrel of Brent North Sea crude for November delivery gave up 38 cents to 102.44 dollars.

Vallourec is lowering its forecast EBITDA

As for values, the banking sector remains very guarded. Dexia said in a statement Thursday that the Belgian regulator had requested suspension of trading of its title until Monday morning.

Credit Agricole (-2.81% to 5.30 euros) and Societe Generale (-1.93% to 20.28 euros) suffered some profit taking.

Vallourec (-3.92% to 42.25 euros) Friday revised down slightly its forecast for gross operating profit (EBITDA) for the second half because of the uncertainties surrounding the economy, but confirmed that an increase its production and its sales on the strength of the energy markets.

Gecina (-0.63% to 66.58 euros) is considering the sale of 500 million euros of additional residential assets to accelerate debt reduction.

EDF (0.77% to 22.22 euros) loses an ally in the U.S.: chief of the service responsible for issuing controversial loan guarantees from the U.S. government for the development of "clean energy", Jonathan Silver, resigned, according to the Washington Post.He was one of the main support for the proposed construction of a nuclear reactor at Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, supported by EDF and its U.S. partner Constellation.

Veolia Environnement (-2.71% to 10.61 euros): UBS lowered its recommendation on the value to "sell" against "neutral."

NYSE Euronext (0.31% to 17.77 euros) recorded in September increased volume of transactions on the cash market and derivatives over a year. Trading volumes of derivatives totaled 9.5 million contracts daily in September, an increase of 23.2% over the year but a decline of 8.4% from August. On the spot market, 1.9 million transactions were recorded in Europe, an increase of 34.6% over a year and a decline of 13.5% over the month. In the U.S., sales rose 12.3% to 2.6 billion shares daily volume. A month, 19.8% volume regresses.

Coffee breaks should be shorter now for the employees of Goldman Sachs in New York. In recent days, in fact, they have at their disposal coffee cups smaller than normal. The bank, which has embarked on an extensive program of savings $ 1.45 billion in mid-2012, estimates that reducing the size of the cups 35 cl at 29 he will save "thousands of dollars ". In the same vein, the machines "cashless" (to recharge with cash cards can be used to pay vending machines) are becoming increasingly rare in buildings. According to Goldman Sachs, it will pay less armored car to transport the money raised.

Other banks, Wall Street stars, also address their operating costs.The offices are less green and Morgan Stanley, which decided to cut the budget plant. "Every dollar not spent is a dollar that can be used for growth," says her boss wisely James Gorman. Bank of America canceled several expensive meeting, while Barclays will strictly monitor the bill for business phones for its employees.

Bonuses reduced and job cuts

More importantly, the impressive bonus paid out to employees at year end should be reduced. Although for the moment, the cumulative 65.69 billion dollars, set aside for this purpose in the first half by Citigroup, JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Bank of America, do not show it yet. In recent await the end of the fourth quarter before taking any decisions about it.

Saving measures will also affect employment high quality business cards.Goldman Sachs cuts and positions could not be about 3% of the workforce (1,000 people), as expected so far, but 5% of the total. Bank of America will eliminate 30,000 positions, JPMorgan Chase 3000.

A disastrous quarter

The time has come for U.S. investment banks to tighten their belt after a disastrous third quarter. The very poor stock market performance of major Wall Street banks over the period, characterized by loss of 16% to 49% over the period, illustrate the phenomenon.

The reason: the pressure around the debt crisis in Europe affects the banking sector on both sides of the Atlantic, the new cases of mergers and acquisitions and bond below the 2008/2009 levels, and economic slowdown in the U.S. and the euro area.Not to mention the always present impacts of the subprime crisis.

Symbol difficulties, Goldman Sachs is expected to announce on 18 October, its worst quarter since going public 12 years ago. The consensus of analysts now speak of an earnings per share of $ 1.35 (against 2.65 dollars a month ago), a loss of profitability of 50% over the year. Some even refer to a quarterly loss that the bank would be its first episode since the Lehman Brothers in 2008.

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