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The figures are record: 101,700 megawatts (MW) consumed by the French at 19 o'clock last night, a record that surpasses the previous day, to 100,500 megawatts. The previous record was 15 December 2010 to 96,710 megawatts. With each new wave of cold correpond a new historic peak of consumption to meet the increased need for hot water and heating.

Why do we save these records, while 2011 saw a decrease of 6.8% of electricity consumption in France? The sensitivity of electricity consumption to cold temperatures has increased over the last decade, the order of 70 MW per year, says the electricity transmission network (RTE), a subsidiary of EDF responsible for network of power lines. In addition, our electro-climate sensitivity is higher than our neighbors to each degree less, Europeans consume more today 5000 MW, of which only 2300 MW in France! In comparison, Britain consumes 600 MW for each degree lost, Germany and Italy 500 MW 300 MW.

This explains why the French electrical consumption was so low in 2011, the warmest year since 1900. Instead, the cold snap earlier this year led to a series of daily records: the scale of temperatures, the geographic scope (on the whole territory) and the duration of this wave creates a phenomenon of "cold accumulating," said Herve Mignon, Director of Economy, Planning and transparency in TEN.

More electric heaters, more devices

The origin of this particular sensitivity to cold in France: electric heating, which team nearly a third of homes and is installed in 80% of units built in 2009, according to the Environment Agency to control Energy (ADEME). "The electric heaters (except models with heat accumulation) contributes to peak electricity consumption observed around 19h," says this on his site. "It's a French specialty, says Francoise Clement, Information Officer at ADEME. We relied on electric heating, which makes us very dependent on climate. "

Easier and cheaper to install than central heating, it is elected by overwhelming in a country where electricity is more abundant than elsewhere. However, it may prove far more expensive to use, especially since many homes are poorly insulated. "The actual search for energy savings is still new in France, Clement says Françoise. We had no temperature control before 1975 and our expertise in high performance homes is still underdeveloped. "Now, the heat losses are significant: 25% to 30% through the roof, 25% by walls and 10% to 15% by windows.

In parallel, the use of electrical appliances has been steadily improving. In the living room consoles, computers and televisions are increasingly hungry for electricity, as well as kitchen equipment, such as coffee makers and electric robots. "The spirit of cocooning" increases in household demand, explains Françoise Clemente: "We like to equip themselves, we want to be like home."

We must add that the growing electricity demand with economic growth and the continued increase in population. In its latest forecast balance, RTE still see electricity consumption to grow by 1.1% by 2015. Then, assuming an improvement in energy efficiency in buildings, consumption could increase by 0.6% per year by 2030.

"The port reform has transformed the relations with the unions

Is more than a breath of fresh air. Thursday's announcement by the second owner worldwide, the group Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), a new investment of 160 million euros in the Port of Le Havre is proof that the future of shipping lights is not so dark.

MSC will indeed develop over 1400 meters long, four positions for its container, whose capacity could increase from 14,000 to 16,000 containers per ship. Giants of the seas as MSC, previously installed alongside Bougainville, in the inner harbor of Le Havre was not able to accommodate.

Titanic work

"The equipment we deliver to MSC required a public investment of about 320 million euros.The shipowner in turn will invest 160 million in coatings, rails, gates, new technologies … "lists Hervé Cornede, commercial director of the Grand Port Maritime du Havre (GPMH). The work already started should be spread until the end of 2012. Once completed, they will allow the owner-Italian Helvetic reach an annual capacity of 1.4 million containers.

Port 2000, the new port of Le Havre dedicated to container, was inaugurated in March 2006 after four years of titanic work for an investment of 1.3 billion euros. In total 4200 meters of docks were created. And Port 2000 full show soon, since it has more than 700 feet of docks available.

Officially, there is no need to worry. As it has done from 8 to 19 August, the business daily La Tribune will not appear in his paper between 19 and 30 December. To save printing and mailing. But also to "adapt the model to the new reading habits" on smartphones and tablets, as was justified in September, so afterwards, the managing editor, Jacques Rosselin.

The newspaper argued that the experience of "100% digital" this summer has allowed the site audience to jump by 50%, and digital distribution to reach 7.5% of the distribution paid France the newspaper in September, according to OJD, against 1.9% on average for the national daily press.But internal sources, the picture is less rosy cash advance payday loan.

"We stopped the paper in August simply because there were not enough people to make the newspaper," David Larbre protests, trade union SNJ, which further explains that "the savings to the temporary shutdown of the paper does not really represent much, printing contracts and distribution is negotiated annually. "He said the new ten-day suspension in December does one thing: allow employees to take holidays, after four months of extra work without leave.

Projects stopped

For on all fronts, the situation of The Tribune has not progressed. In protection proceedings since January, the newspaper is always looking for funding estimated at 5 million euros.

The Paris Bourse after opening down slightly, sailing around the equilibrium after a session that saw the CAC 40 fly over 2%. In the morning, the CAC 40 in advance symbolically from 0.14% to 3235 points in early trade. Investors do not follow the mood on Wall Street yesterday and Asian markets this morning. The latter found confidence to the rhythm of advertisements European leaders on a plan to end the crisis. They particularly appreciate the position of the European Commission yesterday called for an urgent recapitalization of the banks deal with the debt crisis. Remarks relayed by the Minister of Budget Précresse Valerie, who, like Berlin, says it is "a necessity". France is willing to inject even said herself of public money to support its banks if necessary.

This commitment reflects a shift in the euro area on the Greek case.The taboo of failure is no longer excluded. The Chairman of the Commission José Manuel Barroso, called for "decisive action on Greece" while German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble said yesterday that the overall level of indebtedness of Greece should be reduced s' it reaches an unbearable level, "to provide better opportunities" in the country. The discount will have to accept that private investors in the second aid package to Greece adopted in July would be 39% if we used the current market prices to assess the risk profile of the country, instead of 21% estimated at the time, said yesterday an official of the Institute of International Finance (IIF).

New vote in Slovakia, the euro rises

Concerning the Relief Fund in the euro area (EFSF), which must be expanded to support the plan to end the crisis, Slovakia has promised another vote tonight or tomorrow.It should be positive this time because four opposition parties agreed to support the government in place, Maturity of early elections. These data give back to the euro insurance. The European currency found the threshold of $ 1.38 in morning trading.

Oil, however, is small decline: a barrel of "light sweet crude" for November delivery lost 86 cents to 84.71 dollars. Barrel of Brent North Sea crude for November delivery yielded nine cents to 111.27 dollars for the last trading day of the deadline. The operators claim to be concerned before the publication of figures on weekly petroleum reserves in the United States no fax pay day loans. Another indicator to the American agenda: the weekly jobless claims, trade balance and budget.

Values ​​to follow

Total (-0.98% to 36.20 euros)

The oil company has discovered gas and oil off the coast of Norway, announced this morning the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. According to preliminary estimates, this discovery is to be between 19 million and 101 million barrels. To dig the well that led to this discovery, Total was allied with Norway's Statoil, authorities said.

Carrefour plunged 4.16% to 17.17 euros

The group launched Thursday a new warning on its results in 2011, relying now on a decline in operating income between 15% and 20%, 15% instead of the planned end of August.

Lafarge (2.28% to 29.62 euros)

The French cement company announced an asset swap with the U.S. Martin Marietta, which he will sell the aggregates quarries and concrete plants ready and asphalt, in exchange for aggregate quarries and distribution sites .

Casino (1.98% to 62.71 euros)

The retailer saw its organic growth slowed in the third quarter with declining sales of its hypermarkets in France, but the group has confirmed its objectives for 2011 include the strengthening of its market share in the Hexagon and improving margins at Franprix-Leader Price.

Areva (0.72% 22.49 euros)

The consortium of the French group and Germany's Siemens called the Finnish operator Teollisuuden Voima (TVO) to engage in the path of cooperation with the approach the final stages of construction of the EPR reactor Olkiluoto 3 (OL3). The French nuclear group has also been licensed by the U.S. authorities allowing it to construct and operate an enrichment plant in Idaho.Finally, the boss of the group, Luc Oursel, raised the possibility "to smooth or to shift some investments to reduce risk and improve (the) financial situation"

ArcelorMittal (-0.38% to 14.47 euros)

The group decided to shut down two blast furnaces located near Liège in particular because of the deteriorating global economic situation, the financial daily reported on Wednesday Belgian L'Echo, information later confirmed by the unions.

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SNCF never ceases to celebrate 30 years of its TGV. After the launch last May of a train specially decorated, a new celebration takes place Saturday night in the Gare de Lyon in Paris. The President of the SNCF Guillaume Pepy, and Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development, will attend a particular video show projected on the facade of the Gare de Lyon which left the first TGV, the September 22, 1981.

A few figures summarize the tremendous success of the first high-speed train developed by Alstom to accommodate all age groups, mobile executives, young, old … In all, nearly two billion passengers have taken in 30 years. 83% of French people have traveled at least once on board the TGV, which now serves 230 stations.

But the station pulled the alarm a few years ago commercial success, the TGV is not an economic powerhouse.The accounts of the industry are deteriorating, the fault, including the tolls the operator must pay to Réseau Ferré de France, the operator of the system for the use of high-speed lines. Today, nearly 30% of high-speed lines in circulation are not profitable. Guillaume Pepy regularly reminded that the company can no longer afford to invest in next-generation trains no fax payday loans.

The future railway landscape

Several projects of new lines are under way: the Rhine-Rhone, just opened, the Tours-Bordeaux, Brittany or the Loire region, not to mention the circumvention of Nimes and Montpellier. But others are virtual as the Paris-Caen. The success of the TGV has indeed given to the regions want to have "their" TGV.But the question of funding problem and use increasingly common in public-private partnership, a financing involving the state and communities in building a private group, is not a panacea.

After the festivities, Focus on the rail, a kind of rail Grenelle oragnisé by the Department, will again bring together industry players at round tables austere. Objective: To shape the future landscape railway … and give the French the prospect of other celebrations in the coming decades.

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"The station wants to reconcile with its customers

"Sarkozy wants a more competitive rail industry

»IN PICTURES – What will look like the next train?

On one stone? Intense negotiations are under way for at least a solution, at least in part, to two simultaneous problems: the failure credit faced by French local authorities, and the fragility of the balance sheet of oversized French-Belgian bank Dexia.

Concordant sources, in fact, Dexia, the Deposit Bank and postal workers, under the watchful eye of the state, to create a new bank, public, local communities. Friday, none of the parties did not wish to make comments.

The new entity will take over long held by Crédit Local de France (CLF), ancestor of Dexia, with mayors, councils and other French regions.Its creation would be an opportunity to ease the minds of elected officials, heated by the explosion of interest on certain loans "toxic", including underwritten by Dexia before 2008. The new state-owned bank could put forward a much more wise.

Above all, his arrival on the market would open the tap of credit to local communities. In a financial crisis, Dexia and its competitors, such as savings banks, Societe Generale and foreign banks have largely abandoned this market in recent months.

The Postal Bank and the Caisse des Depots would hold society together, Dexia that may remain a shareholder.They should also take control of all or part of the loan portfolio of existing communities with Dexia French (70 billion euros) and Dexia Municipal Agency: such operators shall ensure, by means of mortgage bonds, the refinancing of the commitment of Dexia. A new ownership would bring also the financial strength necessary to maintain its "AAA" rating.

Pirouette history

For Dexia, the operation could be an opportunity to significantly reduce its balance sheet totaling more than 500 billion euros personal business card. It has already been reduced by 15% year on year, thanks to the divestment of assets made in the first half. But despite this recent treatment, the group remains fragile, especially in the current distrust of markets against financial groups in Europe.

"The idea is on the table.Its terms are far from being arrested, "said a source familiar with the matter. The role of Dexia, the volume of the transferred assets, their quality – particularly with regard to loans that are the subject of disputes with communities who have subscribed – all of which are still on the table. Many criteria which depend then the financial terms of the transaction.

The reactive pattern of lines of inquiry explored from 2008-2009. Even then, the idea of ​​the deposits of La Banque Postale deal with Dexia loans (assets of French local authorities are placed in the Treasury) was considered. The arrival of the CDC in the capital of La Banque Postale has facilitated the project. The project has also the flavor of a sacred spin the story to the Fund: Crédit Local de France was born of a branch of the Caisse des Depots, which then end up twenty years after a historic activity.But for the CDC, the issue is complex: it has (with the NOC) 20% of Dexia, it has recapitalized with the Belgian shareholders in 2008 to see the action rolled back in recent months. Perform an operation which finally reduces the bank's balance sheet and liquidity requirements would constitute a significant step forward. This is what its proponents would argue with the board, including representatives from Belgium, possibly as early as next Tuesday.

A new session promises to be eventful Thursday on Wall Street. Futures on the Dow Jones fell by 2.06% to 10,831 points, those on the Standard & Poor's let go of 2.23% to 1136.10 points and the Nasdaq lost 2.32% to 2208.20 points.

Like European and Asian stock markets, Wall Street should not escape the anxiety of investors pessimistic after the U.S. central bank on the global economy. The central bank has held that the U.S. economic recovery was "slow" and threatened by "high risk".

For this, the Fed announced an operation to extend the maturity of the assets it holds up to 400 billion dollars by June 2012."One can interpret this decision by the Fed as the will not to launch a" quantitative easing "3 (monetary easing to boost the U.S. economy) in the immediate future, says Arnaud Poutiers, executive vice president of IG Markets short term personal loan. Indeed, "Operation Twist" is intended to influence the long bond rate, but without increasing the size of the Fed's balance sheet, so without creating money ".

On the currency markets, the euro continued to sink against the dollar: the euro back below the $ 1.35 (-0.91%).

On the corporate side, Moody's lowered the credit ratings of Bank of America, Wells Fargo and Citigroup. The agency that the state may fly to their rescue.

United Technologies will buy the equipment for Goodrich Aircraft $ 16.5 billion (12.2 billion euros) in cash, a transaction that would be the largest acquisition of U.S. industrial giant in 10 years.

FedEx has reported an EPS according to the consensus of $ 1.46 per share in the first quarter, a turnover of 10.52 billion dollars (against the consensus of 10.32 billion dollars).

The U.S. stock markets have opened sharply lower on Monday. In early trade the Dow Jones loose 1.23% and the Nasdaq -1.54%. European divisions over the records of the debt crisis and the rescue of Greece, and political tensions in the United States expected to weigh on investor sentiment. Friday, after a feverish new session, Wall Street had ended in the green on the wire.

Investors will be particularly attentive to the speech of President of the United States, Barack Obama. The U.S. president should propose a new tax plan today to 1.5 trillion dollars over the next decade. The plan also intends to cut the deficit in Washington from 3000 billion over the next ten years, said Sunday night a senior administration official.Worried that his program pushed by Congress, Bush called this weekend to support the Republicans, to avoid "dead end". President Barack Obama presented a plan Thursday night use of 447 billion dollars intended to provide a "shock" to the U.S. economy. He warned the Americans Saturday that they would provide "pull their weight" to reduce the country's budget deficit. The United States must indeed make 1.2 trillion dollars in savings by the end of the year. Barack Obama wants to target primarily the rich and businesses. In this sense, it must provide to Congress today a tax on incomes above taxpayers, those earning over a million dollars a year.

Summit meeting in Greece

Concerns about the situation in Greece should also still produce adverse effects on Wall Street.Following a two-day meeting, Friday and Saturday in Wroclaw, Poland, EU finance ministers decided to postpone their decision until October on a loan of 8 billion euros in Athens. The European finance ministers have also made little progress on the implementation of the second aid package to Greece about 160 billion euros, of which the principle was arrested on July 21. The presence of U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner will not change. Accused of delay in implementing measures to reduce the deficit, Greece must show its good will.

To try to convince the Greek Finance Minister Evangelos Venizelos has to go today as the yoke of the major creditors of the country, calling for new savings measures.According to his ministry, Evangelos Venizelos will submit to the verdict of the "troika" representing euro area and the International Monetary Fund on a conference call scheduled just after the close of European stock. An interministerial meeting is then scheduled to "specify concrete decisions" to be taken, said on Sunday the Greek Minister.

On Monday, the only indicator of expected importance in the U.S. NAHB housing index is to be released in 16 hours. The main highlight of the week in the U.S. is expected Tuesday and Wednesday with the Fed meeting. Investors expect the institution to take steps to maintain the downward pressure on interest rates and long-term and in turn gives a boost to growth.

The euro against the dollar worth

On the foreign exchange market, the euro accentuated his decline against the dollar on Monday.The euro bought 1.3653 dollars against 1.3797 dollars on Friday night. He fell last week below the threshold of $ 1.36 for the first time since February. Oil prices are also in the red. Around 12:30 in Paris, a barrel of Brent North Sea crude for November delivery traded at 111.75 dollars in London, giving 47 cents from Friday's close. In electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange, a barrel of "light sweet crude" (WTI) for October delivery gave up $ 1.19 to 86.77 dollars.

Also note, share repurchases by companies have reached record levels over the quarter.They are for non-financial businesses of $ 475.2 billion in the quarter (annual rate) against 277.9 billion dollars for the full year 2010 specialists note Aurel BGC.

Values ​​to follow

The side of values, the general manager of movie rental service Netflix announced on the blog of the company splitting its activities on the internet streaming movies and delivery of DVDs by mail.

Boeing expects to receive "hundreds" of new orders and commitments for the 737 version of its remotorisée in the coming months, told Reuters Randy Tinseth, vice president of Boeing Commercial.

according to reports from CNBC, United Technologies is in talks with Goodrich Corp. to buy the company at a price of 125 dollars per share.

Moreover, according to the Sunday Express, Best Buy would have discussed the prospects of its business in the UK with its shareholders.

GE Transportation, a subsidiary of the giant General Electric announced it would invest $ 200 million to develop manufacturing of locomotives in Texas and Pennsylvania.

Asian stock markets will end the week on a positive note. In the wake of Wall Street closed higher on Thursday, the markets have also welcomed the decision by central bankers from the richer countries to mobilize to prevent the drying up of banks' liquidity in dollars. Thus, the European Central Bank (ECB), with the U.S. Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, Swiss National Bank and the Bank of Japan has reopened its facilities dollar loans to European institutions in three months, at their request. The Nikkei gained 1.93% to 8836.10 as well.

The IMF, like the ECB through its president Jean-Claude Trichet welcomed the unity of central bankers to the crisis: he stressed that it was more necessary than ever for world leaders to unite to prevent a recession that should spare "person."This will reassure investors, who until now did not cease to spread their fears about a bankruptcy in Greece, coupled with sluggish growth prospects on both sides of the Atlantic.

However, brokers in Asia fear that this improvement is short-lived. "The coordinated central bank takes the market today," noted Toshiyuki Kanayama, broker at Monex, Japan, quoted by Dow Jones Newswires. But this does not solve the problem of the euro area should have a temporary effect. "

Bank stocks and exporters in progress

At the Tokyo Stock Exchange, banking stocks and exporters popped up then. Toyota wins and 1.75% to 2737 yen, Honda 2.27% to 2447 yen.The same goes for banks, Sumitomo rising by 3.39% to 2166 yen, as Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (4.24% to 244 yen).

Other places are also Asian financirèes in the green. The Hang Seng Index in Hong Kong gained 2.14% to 19,591.93 points, the Kospi Index in Seoul was up 3.56% to 1837.22 points, the S & P / ASX 200 index in Sydney rose by 1.81% to 4145.20 points, the BSE Sensex index in Mumbai was up 0.96% to 17,039.30 points and the FTSE Singapore Straits Times Index rose 1.35% to 2803.25 points.

On the foreign exchange market, the euro kept most of the gains made the previous day. The European currency was worth 1.3848 dollars and 106.31 yen Friday morning in Tokyo, down slightly compared to 1.3882 dollar and 106.40 yen the night before in New York.Similarly, the oil price displayed in a small increase in morning trading in Asia, a barrel of "light sweet crude" earned 5 cents to 89.45 dollars per barrel of Brent North Sea 14 cents to 112 , $ 44. "This liquidity will likely prevent the recession to hit the euro area, supporting crude oil prices," said Victoire Shum, an analyst at Purvin and Gertz in Singapore.

The U.S. stock markets are given a little air on Wednesday. After the U.S. central bank acknowledged that the economy continues to grow, the Dow Jones gained 2.26% to 11,390.98 points, the Nasdaq climbed 2.85% to 2544.29 points and the S & P 500 is 2, 73% to 1197.09 points.

United States: 300 billion dollars for the job?

Thursday, U.S. President, Barack Obama must speak to announce a new stimulus package. Bloomberg and CNN, Bush is expected to announce Thursday the release of 300 billion dollars (about 213 billion euros) for employment.

The euro was up 0.34% to 1.4055 dollars in late morning. The European currency is notably supported by the decision of the Swiss National Bank (SNB) to set a floor price of 1.20 francs per euro.

Oil prices have, for them, increased sharply, supported by the prolonged interruption of production in the Gulf of Mexico, the sudden force of scholarship and a report from the Fed positive for U.S. growth. On the New York Mercantile Exchange, a barrel of "light sweet crude" (WTI) for October delivery rose 3.32 dollars compared to the previous day, to clinch at 89.34 dollars.

Yahoo: Markets welcome the departure of Carol Bartz

The exchange operator NYSE Euronext (4.03% to 26.10 dollars) recorded in August increased volumes of transactions on the cash market and derivatives, both the U.S. and Europe, a trend that reflecting strong market activity this summer. In the U.S., sales rose 38.9% to 3.2 billion shares daily volume.At one month, the volume increased by 60%.

Yahoo! (6.51% to 13.75 dollars) on Tuesday announced after the close of Wall Street the departure of its CEO, Carol Bartz, thanked months to three years after being chosen to revive a society in decline. The group is now looking for a new boss to find the way of immediate croissance.Dans, Timothy Morse, Chief Financial Officer since July 2009, temporarily taking the reins of the web portal cash advance loans.

All Nippon Airways (7.84% to 6.60 dollars) expects to receive the last of the 55 aircraft ordered 787 Dreamliners from Boeing by 2018, said the president of the largest airline.ANA, which will be the first customer for Boeing to fly the aircraft, will receive the first copy of 787 on Sept. 25 and anticipates delivery of 20 additional Dreamliners by March 2013.

Bank of America (3% to 7.20 dollars), experiencing significant challenges, announced Tuesday a reorganization of its management team with the appointment of two new operational directors, David Darnell and Tom Montag, from the ranks of the bank.

Note also a major shareholder of the Canadian Research in Motion (RIM) (0.03% to 30.98 dollars), the maker of BlackBerry smartphones, listed on Wall Street, on Tuesday called the "transformations" in the major group or its sale to tone the decline in value of its title.

The oil company Chevron (2.79% to 98.28 dollars) announced the discovery of oil during a drill in the Gulf of Mexico, offshore Louisiana (southern U.S.).

Altera (1.46% to 35.37 dollars) announced that it expected a sales growth of 2% -3% in the third quarter, against an increase of 2% to 6% previously due to lower demand.

For his part, Darden Restaurants (-4.24% to 44.22 dollars) expects sales growth of 6.5% to 7.5% over the year and an EPS growth of 12%.In addition, the company wants to make stock repurchases for 400 to 500 million dollars this year against 300-400 million previously announced.

The American expert group purchases online Groupon, who announced in June its intention to go public, "reassess the timing" of this operation and has canceled a tour dedicated to the promotion of its future trading, reports the Wall Street Tuesday Journal.